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Brain Sciences Feb 2024There is still controversy surrounding the definition and mechanisms of consciousness. The constrained disorder principle (CDP) defines complex systems by their dynamic... (Review)
Review
There is still controversy surrounding the definition and mechanisms of consciousness. The constrained disorder principle (CDP) defines complex systems by their dynamic borders, limiting their inherent disorder. In line with the CDP, the brain exhibits a disorder bounded by dynamic borders essential for proper function, efficient energy use, and life support under continuous perturbations. The brain's inherent variability contributes to its adaptability and flexibility. Neuronal signal variability challenges the association of brain structures with consciousness and methods for assessing consciousness. The present paper discusses some theories about consciousness, emphasizing their failure to explain the brain's variability. This paper describes how the CDP accounts for consciousness's variability, complexity, entropy, and uncertainty. Using newly developed second-generation artificial intelligence systems, we describe how CDP-based platforms may improve disorders of consciousness (DoC) by accounting for consciousness variability, complexity, entropy, and uncertainty. This platform could be used to improve response to current interventions and develop new therapeutic regimens for patients with DoC in future studies.
PubMed: 38539598
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14030209 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences Apr 2020Pandemics have had very important consequences in human history. Lots of people lost their lives and countries have been intensively affected in terms of socioeconomic... (Review)
Review
Pandemics have had very important consequences in human history. Lots of people lost their lives and countries have been intensively affected in terms of socioeconomic problems. Unfortunately, avoidance of pandemics and limiting the spread are still currently not always possible. Maybe the most important factor for this is the increasing frequency of traveling. Increasing airline traveling rate also increases the rate of spread. Global organizations like the World Health Organization and United Nations are trying to play a supreme role over the countries. Pandemics do not have borders; therefore, efforts should be given globally, definition of pandemic should be established as soon as possible, and protective measures should be shared with countries. If these are not done, severe health consequences and serious economic problems are inevitable.
Topics: Global Health; Humans; Influenza, Human; Pandemics; Population Surveillance; Seasons; Travel
PubMed: 32299207
DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-175 -
BMC Bioinformatics May 2021The quality of gene annotation determines the interpretation of results obtained in transcriptomic studies. The growing number of genome sequence information calls for...
BACKGROUND
The quality of gene annotation determines the interpretation of results obtained in transcriptomic studies. The growing number of genome sequence information calls for experimental and computational pipelines for de novo transcriptome annotation. Ideally, gene and transcript models should be called from a limited set of key experimental data.
RESULTS
We developed TranscriptomeReconstructoR, an R package which implements a pipeline for automated transcriptome annotation. It relies on integrating features from independent and complementary datasets: (i) full-length RNA-seq for detection of splicing patterns and (ii) high-throughput 5' and 3' tag sequencing data for accurate definition of gene borders. The pipeline can also take a nascent RNA-seq dataset to supplement the called gene model with transient transcripts. We reconstructed de novo the transcriptional landscape of wild type Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells as a proof-of-principle. A comparison to the existing transcriptome annotations revealed that our gene model is more accurate and comprehensive than the most commonly used community gene models, TAIR10 and Araport11 for A.thaliana and SacCer3 for S.cerevisiae. In particular, we identify multiple transient transcripts missing from the existing annotations. Our new annotations promise to improve the quality of A.thaliana and S.cerevisiae genome research.
CONCLUSIONS
Our proof-of-concept data suggest a cost-efficient strategy for rapid and accurate annotation of complex eukaryotic transcriptomes. We combine the choice of library preparation methods and sequencing platforms with the dedicated computational pipeline implemented in the TranscriptomeReconstructoR package. The pipeline only requires prior knowledge on the reference genomic DNA sequence, but not the transcriptome. The package seamlessly integrates with Bioconductor packages for downstream analysis.
Topics: Computational Biology; Genome; Genomics; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34058980
DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04208-2 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Work-Life Blending refers to the permeability and dissolution of boundaries between work and personal life, bringing these domains closer together. However, a...
Work-Life Blending refers to the permeability and dissolution of boundaries between work and personal life, bringing these domains closer together. However, a comprehensive, holistic definition or conceptualisation of Work-Life-Blending is currently lacking. This research aims to address this gap by conducting a systematic literature review to define and clarify the concept. The primary objective is to identify the key factors and dimensions of Work-Life-Blending by reviewing the current state of research, and by offering a clear and precise conceptual framework to guide further research in developing measurable and concrete concepts. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines to achieve this, drawing on keyword-based searches. We searched for English or German manuscripts in the electronic databases Business Source Premier and PsycARTICLES, using keywords such as "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," or "" in combination with "" and "." From 1,400 screened references between 2000 and 2023, we identified 302 eligible articles. After applying exclusion criteria, 51 records were retained. Employing a holistic approach, we developed a coding scheme to analyse the articles focusing on antecedents, processes, and outcomes of Work-Life-Blending. Articles were prioritized based on their impact, relevance, and data content. Our analysis revealed a diverse field, and we adopted Clark's central concepts (2000) to categorize Work-Life Blending into four key areas: , , , and . Structural analysis allowed us to gain deeper insights into the multifaceted nature of the research field. Diversification was evident in studies exploring various aspects, such as the combination of dimensions (e.g., organizational and individual factors), correlations between factors (e.g., working conditions), and the introduction of new constructs (e.g., motivational processes). Our research addresses a significant knowledge gap in the field of Work-Life-Blending, making valuable contributions to the existing body of knowledge. By examining key categories and proposing an extended definition, this study provides a robust foundation for further investigations. As a result, we established a classification of the determinants. Given the high degree of diversification, we offer a comprehensive framework for future research, contributing to a deeper understanding of Work-Life Blending.
PubMed: 38192394
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1150707 -
Asian Biomedicine : Research, Reviews... Aug 2020(commonly known as black seed or black cumin), from the family Ranunculaceae, is a plant that grows in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This narrative review... (Review)
Review
(commonly known as black seed or black cumin), from the family Ranunculaceae, is a plant that grows in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This narrative review discusses the toxicological profile reported by short- to long-term studies that examined different extracts and oils of seeds. Scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using appropriate keywords. LD for administered seed fixed oil varied from 28.8 mL/kg to 3,371 mg/kg in mice, while 21 g/kg of aqueous, methanol, and chloroform extracts of did not lead to any mortality. Subacute toxicity evaluations indicated that aqueous, methanol, and chloroform extracts of at doses as high as 6 g/kg do not produce toxicity. Investigation of chronic toxicity found that 2 mL/kg of fixed oil is slightly toxic. Cytotoxicity studies indicated that chloroform and petroleum ether extracts are more cytotoxic than its other extracts. Although studies that assessed toxicity generally introduced it as a safe medicinal herb, to draw a more definitive conclusion on its safety, more detailed studies must be conducted.
PubMed: 37551386
DOI: 10.1515/abm-2020-0020 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Jan 2021It is a fact that, despite the worldwide increasing intake of women in medical schools, women are still grossly underrepresented in all medical and surgical... (Review)
Review
It is a fact that, despite the worldwide increasing intake of women in medical schools, women are still grossly underrepresented in all medical and surgical specialities, and definitely in cardiothoracic surgery in both developed and developing countries. This is counter-productive towards meeting the escalating need for cardiac surgical care in Africa. However, the natural evolution over time of increasing numbers of females entering medical school and specializing in the field of surgery, is expected to continue despite multiple challenges encountered on their way. The inequities of healthcare provision in Africa in particular needs the continual support of all professionals that are able to contribute to the wellbeing of those innocent individuals that need medical care particularly children born with congenital cardiac defects. In addition to factors on the African continent, realities and challenges for future female cardiothoracic surgeons include gender bias and gender-based discrimination by some male counterparts. The question must be asked: "Is it mere gender-based discrimination, or how much does deliberate 'bullying behaviour' mimic signs of superiority, arrogance and entitlement, bordering on psychological personality disorders?" Thorough investigation of the possible role of such behaviour disorders in gender bias and discrimination is long overdue. These disparities and challenges should be actively addressed on all levels by all role players by placing more emphasis on merit, competence and surgical outcomes than on the gender of the surgeon. Despite all these challenges, the benefits of a career in cardiothoracic surgery and tremendous job satisfaction far exceed the disadvantages.
PubMed: 33569230
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2020-wts-03 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Sep 2023Digital workflows for digital complete denture fabrication have a variety of clinical and laboratory procedures, but their outcomes and associated complications are... (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Digital workflows for digital complete denture fabrication have a variety of clinical and laboratory procedures, but their outcomes and associated complications are currently unknown.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory procedures for digital complete dentures, their outcomes, and associated complications.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Electronic literature searches were conducted on PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published from January 2000 to September 2022 and screened by 2 independent reviewers. Information on digital complete denture procedures, materials, their outcomes, and associated complications was extracted.
RESULTS
Of 266 screened studies, 39 studies were included. While 26 assessed definitive complete dentures, 7 studies assessed denture bases, 2 assessed trial dentures, and 4 assessed the digital images only. Twenty-four studies used border molded impression technique, 3 studies used a facebow record, and 7 studies used gothic arch tracing. Only 13 studies performed trial denture placement. Twenty-one studies used milling, and 17 studies used 3D printing for denture fabrication. One study reported that the retention of maxillary denture bases fabricated from a border-molded impression (14.5 to 16.1 N) was statistically higher than the retention of those fabricated from intraoral scanning (6.2 to 6.6 N). The maximum occlusal force of digital complete denture wearers was similar across different fabrication procedures. When compared with the conventional workflow, digital complete dentures required statistically shorter clinical time with 205 to 233 minutes saved. Up to 37.5% of participants reported loss of retention and up to 31.3% required a denture remake. In general, ≥1 extra visit and 1 to 4 unscheduled follow-up visits were needed. The outcomes for patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life were similar between conventional, milled, and 3D-printed complete dentures.
CONCLUSIONS
Making a border-molded impression is still preferred for better retention, and trial denture placement is still recommended to optimize the fabrication of definitive digital complete dentures.
PubMed: 37689573
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.07.027 -
Globalization and Health Oct 2021Migrants commonly maintain transnational ties as they relocate and settle in a new country. There is a growing body of research examining transnationalism and health. We... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Migrants commonly maintain transnational ties as they relocate and settle in a new country. There is a growing body of research examining transnationalism and health. We sought to identify how transnationalism has been defined and operationalized in migrant health research in high income countries and to document which populations and health and well-being outcomes have been studied in relation to this concept.
METHODS
We conducted a scoping review using the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). We searched nine electronic databases; no time restrictions were applied. Studies published in English or French in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Studies were eligible if they included a measure of transnationalism (or one of its dimensions; social, cultural, economic, political and identity ties and/or healthcare use) and examined health or well-being.
RESULTS
Forty-seven studies, mainly cross-sectional designs (81%), were included; almost half were conducted in the United States. The majority studied immigrants, broadly defined; 23% included refugees and/or asylum-seekers while 36% included undocumented migrants. Definitions of transnationalism varied according to the focus of the study and just over half provided explicit definitions. Most often, transnationalism was defined in terms of social connections to the home country. Studies and measures mainly focused on contacts and visits with family and remittance sending, and only about one third of studies examined and measured more than two dimensions of transnationalism. The operationalization of transnationalism was not consistent and reliability and validity data, and details on language translation, were limited. Almost half of the studies examined mental health outcomes, such as emotional well-being, or symptoms of depression. Other commonly studied outcomes included self-rated health, life satisfaction and perceived discrimination.
CONCLUSION
To enhance comparability in this field, researchers should provide a clear, explicit definition of transnationalism based on the scope of their study, and for its measurement, they should draw from validated items/questions and be consistent in its operationalization across studies. To enhance the quality of findings, more complex approaches for operationalizing transnationalism (e.g., latent variable modelling) and longitudinal designs should be used. Further research examining a range of transnationalism dimensions and health and well-being outcomes, and with a diversity of migrant populations, is also warranted.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Developed Countries; Humans; Perceived Discrimination; Reproducibility of Results; Transients and Migrants
PubMed: 34715897
DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00777-2 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2023Nevus depigmentosus (ND) is one of the pigmentary conditions that is characterized by a hypopigmented patch with an irregular border. It is usually present at birth or... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Nevus depigmentosus (ND) is one of the pigmentary conditions that is characterized by a hypopigmented patch with an irregular border. It is usually present at birth or shortly after birth. It is not a progressive condition, but it may increase in size in proportion to the growth of the body. Despite many treatment modalities, there is no effective treatment for this condition.
OBJECTIVE
To review all articles about the treatment options for ND.
METHODS
Pubmed database were searched for this study, and relative clinical trials were included in the review. Descriptive findings, including age, gender, and treatment modality and response, were reported.
RESULTS
A total of 62 articles were identified, and 16 relevant articles were included in this review after screening and removing the duplicates.
CONCLUSION
In the literature, a limited number of treatment modalities have been employed for ND. Among these, surgical interventions and phototherapy have been the most commonly studied, but their efficacy has varied. Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure for ND, and recurrence of the lesion is not an uncommon occurrence even after complete clearance. Furthermore, there is a dearth of large-scale clinical studies that comprehensively analyze the different treatment modalities for ND.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Phototherapy; Databases, Factual; Nevus
PubMed: 37700698
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2258241 -
Hippocampus Sep 2022The hippocampal formation is essential for spatial navigation and episodic memory. The anatomical structure is largely similar across mammalian species, apart from the...
The hippocampal formation is essential for spatial navigation and episodic memory. The anatomical structure is largely similar across mammalian species, apart from the deep polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus and the adjacent part of cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) which feature substantial variations. In rodents, the polymorphic layer has a triangular cross-section abutting on the end of the CA3 pyramidal layer, while in primates it is long and band-shaped capping the expanded CA3 end, which here lacks a distinct pyramidal layer. This structural variation has resulted in a confusing nomenclature and unclear anatomical criteria for the definition of the dentate-ammonic border. Seeking to clarify the border, we present here a light microscopic investigation based on Golgi-impregnated and Timm-thionin-stained sections of the Artiodactyla sheep and domestic pig, in which the dentate gyrus and CA3 end have some topographical features in common with primates. In short, the band-shaped polymorphic layer coincides with the Timm-positive mossy fiber collateral plexus and the Timm-negative subgranular zone. While the soma and excrescence-covered proximal dendrites of the mossy cells are localized within the plexus, the peripheral mossy cell dendrites extend outside the plexus, both into the granular and molecular layers, and the CA3. The main mossy fibers leave the collateral plexus in a scattered formation to converge gradually through the CA3 end in between the dispersed pyramidal cells, which are of three subtypes, as in monkey, with the classical apical subtype dominating near the hidden blade, the nonapical subtype near the exposed blade, and the dentate subtype being the only pyramidal cells that extend dendrites into the dentate gyrus. In agreement with our previous study in mink, the findings show that the border between the dentate gyrus and the CA3 end can be more accurately localized by the mossy fiber system than by cyto-architecture alone.
Topics: Animals; CA3 Region, Hippocampal; Dentate Gyrus; Hippocampus; Sheep; Sheep, Domestic; Sus scrofa; Swine
PubMed: 35913094
DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23457